![]() ![]() historical elements of the ms: blood, wine etc.pastedown (blank paper for inside cover).fascicle: individual manuscript, part of a convolute.convolute: volume containing different manuscripts.manuscripts bound together in a single volume:.interpolations (passage not written by the original author).page format/layout: columns? text and surrounding commentary/additions/glosses?.deletions method: erasure? overstrike? dots above letters?.Shelfmark or Signature in holding library (as opposed to printed Catalog number).incipit (the first few words of the text).Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations. means "pages".Ī manuscript may be a codex (i.e. The second s is not simply the plural by an old convention, a doubling of the last letter of the abbreviation expresses the plural, just as pp. for plural (with or without the full stop, all uppercase or all lowercase) are also accepted. The traditional abbreviations are MS for manuscript and MSS for manuscripts, while the forms MS., ms or ms. The study of the writing in surviving manuscripts, the "hand", is termed palaeography (or paleography). The Bohun Psalter and Hours, made in England in the mid-fourteenth century, probably for Humphrey de Bohun, grandfather of Henry V.Ī luxurious Biblia pauperum, expounding the relationship between the Old and New Testaments by placing pictures of related scenes alongside each other.First page of Satie's Sports et divertissements (published as a facsimile in 1923) The Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander, written in Church Slavonic, and made for the eponymous Tsar of Bulgaria in the mid-fourteenth century. ![]() ‘The Maastricht Hours’, made in the early fourteenth century at Liège for an as yet unidentified aristocratic woman.Īn astrological manuscript written in Italy in the fourteenth century, with images accompanying expositions of the constellations, the planets, and the signs of the zodiac. The Gorleston Psalter, made in the early fourteenth century for the church at Gorleston in Norfolk, rich in marginal illustrations often of animals. The Felbrigge Psalter was illuminated in mid-thirteenth century France and preserves an embroidered binding dating to around 1300.Ī late thirteenth-century Greek copy of the Four Gospels written in the Byzantine empire, perhaps at Constantinople, by Theophilus the ‘hieromonk’. The de Brailes Hours is the earliest surviving English Book of Hours, written in Oxford in the thirteenth century and illuminated by William de Brailes. (Click on an image for an enlarged view and detailed description.)Ī small portable volume made in thirteenth-century Paris containing the entire Bible, written in tiny but legible script on thin delicate parchment.Ī compilation of texts made for a German abbot in the mid-thirteenth century, with an author portrait.Ī thirteenth-century English ‘bestiary’, containing illustrated information about various animals with explanations of their moral significance. ![]() In addition, vernacular languages became increasingly popular alongside Latin texts. Books of Hours also emerged as the most popular book, used for private devotions. New texts began to circulate for the urban and rural secular elite and middle classes, such as romances and illustrated copies of the book of Revelation, or Apocalypses, with explanatory commentaries. Secular stationers accepted commissions from patrons, increasingly students or other lay people, and sub-contracted work to specialized craftsmen and women on a piece-work basis. Although the monastic scriptoria continued, manufacture of books increasingly took place in the towns. An introduction to illuminated manuscripts OverviewĪround 1200 centres of education shifted from the cathedral schools to universities in European cities such as Paris, Bologna, and Oxford. ![]()
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